[{"_id":"project-settings","settings":{"translateMetaTags":true,"translateAriaLabels":true,"translateTitle":true,"showWidget":true,"isFeedbackEnabled":false,"fv":1,"customWidget":{"theme":"custom","font":"rgb(255,255,255)","header":"rgb(0,0,0)","background":"rgba(0,0,0,0.8)","position":"right","positionVertical":"bottom","border":"rgb(204,204,204)","borderRequired":false,"widgetCompact":true,"isWidgetPositionRelative":false},"widgetLanguages":[],"activeLanguages":{"fr-CA":"Français (Canada)","es":"Español","en":"English"},"enabledLanguages":["en","es","fr-CA"],"debugInfo":false,"displayBranding":true,"displayBrandingName":false,"localizeImages":false,"localizeUrls":false,"localizeImagesLimit":false,"localizeUrlsLimit":true,"localizeAudio":false,"localizeAudioLimit":false,"localizeDates":false,"disabledPages":[],"regexPhrases":[],"allowComplexCssSelectors":false,"blockedClasses":false,"blockedIds":false,"phraseDetection":true,"customDomainSettings":[],"seoSetting":[],"translateSource":false,"overage":false,"detectPhraseFromAllLanguage":false,"googleAnalytics":false,"mixpanel":false,"heap":false,"disableDateLocalization":false,"ignoreCurrencyInTranslation":false,"blockedComplexSelectors":[]},"version":24837},{"_id":"en","source":"en","pluralFn":"return n != 1 ? 1 : 0;","pluralForm":2,"dictionary":{},"version":24837},{"_id":"outdated","outdated":{"#Updated by the Progyny Editorial Team and reviewed by Dr. Janet Choi, Chief Medical Officer, Progyny — November 2025. If […]":1,"#3 ways to take control of your fertility wellness":1,"#Updated by the Progyny Editorial Team — December 2025. When you’re trying to get pregnant, it can feel like so […]":1,"#Taking charge of your reproductive health":1,"#Quel est mon rôle dans ce processus ?":1,"#Why would you have your estradiol levels checked? | Progyny":1,"#Estradiol plays a vital role in reproductive health and is a key hormone measured during fertility evaluations and treatments. Testing estradiol levels helps assess ovarian function, interpret other hormone levels like FSH, and monitor response to fertility medicine.":1,"#In in vitro fertilization (IVF), estrogen “priming” may be used prior to stimulation to improve ovarian response or support a more predictable cycle.":1,"#Estradiol (in the form on estrogen pills, patches, suppositories, or injections) can support the endometrial lining, especially in people with a thin uterus lining.":1,"#<strong ljsid-0=\"\">To monitor fertility treatment response:</strong> If you’ve started fertility medicine, estradiol levels help determine how your ovaries are responding to stimulation.":1,"#<strong ljsid-0=\"\">To interpret FSH levels accurately:</strong> Estradiol can suppress FSH. If your FSH appears normal but estradiol is high, it may be artificially lowering FSH, potentially masking signs of diminished ovarian reserve.":1,"#<strong ljsid-0=\"\">To evaluate ovarian reserve:</strong> When tested on day 3 of your cycle, estradiol levels help assess how well your ovaries may respond to stimulation. This is one part of evaluating ovarian reserve, often used in combination with tests like follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), and ultrasound.":1,"#Why would you have your estradiol levels checked?":1,"#In a typical menstrual cycle, the brain sends signals to the ovaries to grow and release one egg. With PCOS, the ovaries do not respond as they should. Several small follicles may form, but no single follicle grows enough to release an egg.":1,"#How PCOS affects ovulation":1,"#Many people with PCOS are also at risk for insulin resistance. This means the body does not use insulin well, which can raise the risk of type 2 diabetes and other health problems.":1,"#Ovaries with many small fluid-filled sacs (follicles)":1,"#High levels of testosterone or other androgens":1,"#Irregular or missed menstrual cycles":1,"#PCOS is often defined by three main signs:":1,"#Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition that affects about 10% of people with ovaries.":1,"#PCOS affects more than fertility. It is linked to health concerns involving metabolism, the heart, skin, and mental health. Because of this, many people work with a team of healthcare providers to support their overall health.":1,"#Beyond fertility":1,"#PCOS is the most common hormonal disorder among people with ovaries of reproductive age, affecting 5% to 15% worldwide. It affects all races and ethnicities.":1,"#Yes. Infertility with PCOS is often caused by irregular ovulation, but this can be treated with medications that help the ovaries release eggs. For some people, lifestyle changes — such as weight loss — may restore regular cycles and improve the chance of pregnancy. Not everyone with PCOS will have trouble getting pregnant.":1,"#Can you get pregnant with PCOS?":1,"#The ovaries often make higher levels of androgens, which can affect egg development and ovulation. When the body does not use insulin well, insulin levels rise. This can trigger the ovaries to make more androgens. Some research suggests that long-term, low-grade inflammation may cause the ovaries to make more androgens.":1,"#Other factors":1,"#It often runs in families, which suggests a genetic role. But there is no single PCOS gene. Researchers believe genetics, as well as prenatal and environmental factors, may all play a part.":1,"#Genetic links":1,"#The cause of PCOS is not fully understood. It is called a syndrome because it involves a group of symptoms, not one single condition.":1,"#What causes PCOS?":1,"#Some people with a high number of eggs (ovarian reserve) may have ovaries that look similar to PCOS on ultrasound. That’s why diagnosis should include symptoms, not ultrasound findings alone.":1,"#On an ultrasound, these small follicles may look like a “string of pearls.” The name can be confusing. PCOS does not mean the ovaries have large cysts. Instead, the ovaries have many small follicles that hold eggs. Without regular ovulation, periods may be irregular or absent.":1,"#The exact cause is not known, but PCOS happens when hormones are out of balance. These imbalances affect how the ovaries grow and release eggs, making it harder to become pregnant. PCOS is one of the most common and treatable causes of infertility.":1,"#Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition that affects about 10% of people with ovaries during their reproductive years.":1,"#default_cursor":1,"#send an email to enteryour@addresshere.com?subject=Embryos+don%E2%80%99t+fall+out+after+IVF+transfer&body=Check%20this%20out:%20https%3A%2F%2Fprogyny.com%2Feducation%2Fembryos-dont-fall-out%2F":1,"#Postpartum psychosis":1,"#Postpartum depression often shows up as persistent sadness, anxiety, or despair that makes it hard to function. Unlike the baby blues, it doesn’t resolve on its own and can start any time in the first year after delivery. Talking with your healthcare provider is the best way to confirm what’s happening and get the right support and treatment.":1,"#If emotional changes are more intense, last longer, or interfere with daily life, they may signal postpartum depression. About 1 in 8 women experience this condition, and rates can be higher among transgender and nonbinary parents or anyone with a history of depression.":1,"#Postpartum depression":1,"#For many new parents, the first sign of these hormonal shifts is the “baby blues.” This short-term condition is very common, affecting up to 80% of people who give birth. Symptoms may include mood swings, crying spells, and anxiety. While unsettling, these feelings usually fade on their own within about two weeks.":1,"#Baby blues":1,"#Postpartum recovery: caring for your body and mind | Progyny":1,"#These dramatic changes play a major role in your physical recovery and mood. They can contribute to common experiences like the “baby blues” and, in some cases, more serious mood disorders that may appear later in the postpartum period.":1,"#newborn with extended family":1,"#The National Maternal Mental Health Hotline is available 24/7. Call or text 1-833-TLC-MAMA (1-833-852-6262) for free, confidential support in English and Spanish, with interpreters available in more than 60 languages. The <a ljsid-1=\"\">American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</a> also offers helpful videos.":1,"#Non-emergency support":1,"#If you are in mental health distress or having thoughts of suicide, call <strong ljsid-1=\"\">911 </strong>or dial <strong ljsid-3=\"\">988 </strong>to connect with the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline.":1,"#Emergency support":1,"#Support is available":1,"#Every postpartum experience is different. Whether this is your first child or your third, you may face new highs and lows. During this transition, give yourself compassion, ask for help when you need it, and take things one day at a time.":1,"#<strong ljsid-0=\"\">Lean on your support system</strong>. Parenting can feel isolating. Reach out to family, friends, or other parents. Accept help from those you trust — whether that’s watching the baby for an hour or bringing a meal.":1,"#After childbirth, your hormone levels shift rapidly, and these changes affect both your body and your emotions. Oxytocin and endorphins often rise, which can strengthen bonding and help reduce stress. At the same time, estrogen and progesterone drop sharply once the placenta is delivered.":1,"#<strong ljsid-0=\"\">Take care of yourself</strong>. Prioritizing rest, nourishing foods, and movement (as recommended by your provider) supports both recovery and mental health.":1,"#<strong ljsid-0=\"\">Give yourself time to adjust</strong>. It can take weeks or months to settle into your new role. If you have older children, they will need time to adjust, too. It’s normal to miss parts of your old routine or struggle to feel like yourself.":1,"#Here are some steps that can help:":1,"#In the weeks and months after delivery, many physical symptoms improve, and your body may start to feel more like itself. But recovery is more than physical — caring for a newborn is mentally and emotionally demanding, especially if this is your first time.":1,"#Hormonal changes, pain, and lack of sleep all influence postpartum mental health. With time, medical care, and emotional support, most people begin to feel better. Recovery looks different for everyone, so give yourself patience and grace — healing after childbirth takes time.":1,"#Healing and support":1,"#While emotions are shifting, your body is also healing from delivery. Whether vaginal or cesarean, recovery can bring pain or discomfort, and sleep deprivation can make these challenges feel harder. If discomfort is prolonged or prevents you from daily tasks, speak with your provider about ways to manage it safely.":1,"#Physical recovery":1,"#In rare cases, hormonal and emotional changes can lead to postpartum psychosis, which affects about 1 to 2 in 1,000 births. This serious condition may cause hallucinations, delusions, or severe confusion. Because symptoms can appear suddenly and escalate quickly, postpartum psychosis is considered a medical emergency and requires immediate care.":1,"#Hormonal changes after birth":1,"#Becoming a parent is a major life change. Whether you are a first-time parent or welcoming another child, it can take time to adjust to life with a new baby.":1,"#They could try another retrieval the following month or convert from IVF to IUI. They called their Progyny Care Advocate (PCA) at Progyny to figure out their options. Kelly explains, “It was great to know that we only used a fraction of our points for the stimulation cycle and weren’t ‘out anything’ for the retrieval that wouldn’t be happening. And that we could easily convert it to the IUI and still have plenty of points left on our plan to do additional IVF cycles, which we assumed we would be needing after that.” So, after talking it through, they decided to try one more IUI.":1,"#In general, people who have higher AMH levels require less medicine for stimulation and often generate a larger quantity of eggs. AMH levels continue to drop as a person with a uterus ages, and trend toward “0” at the time of menopause.":1,"#There are age-specific averages for AMH levels. It is important to know that AMH levels do not predict pregnancy success. AMH levels can predict response at the time of an <a ljsid-1=\"\">egg freezing cycle</a> or an <a ljsid-3=\"\">IVF</a> cycle.":1,"#AMH is thought to be a more reliable predictor of ovarian reserve. That’s because the levels stay mainly consistent throughout the menstrual cycle and can be tested on any day. The higher the AMH, in theory, the higher the number of eggs. The lower it is, the lower the number of eggs.":1,"#The level of FSH in the body can fluctuate during the menstrual cycle and therefore FSH levels are usually tested on day 2 or 3 of a menstrual period.":1,"#FSH is a hormone that stimulates the ovary to release an egg (ovulate). With diminished ovarian reserve, the ovary signals to the brain to produce higher quantities of FSH. Therefore, a <a ljsid-1=\"\">high level of FSH likely indicates a low ovarian reserve</a>.":1,"#Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) screening":1,"#Infertility can be caused by a variety of factors, but luckily there are various screenings that can help diagnose issues. Results from an ovarian reserve test help determine how many eggs remain. It can also guide reproductive planning, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or egg freezing.":1,"#Testing ovarian reserve: FSH, AMH, and AFC":1,"#Your healthcare team will do tests to make sure IUI is an appropriate option. This may involve blood tests, ultrasounds, and a semen analysis.":1,"#Specific causes of infertility such endometriosis, problems with the cervix, problems with ovulation":1,"#People using donor sperm (same-sex couples or single parents)":1,"#Male infertility":1,"#People with unexplained infertility":1,"#IUI is sometimes the first treatment for:":1,"#Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a fertility treatment in which sperm is placed in the uterus to increase the chance of pregnancy.":1,"#Who might do IUI?":1,"#Talk to your healthcare team to understand if IUI is a good option for you and your family-building goals. Your Progyny Care Advocate is also here to support you.":1,"#Success rates vary based on your age and health background. For people under 35, it may be up to 10% or 15%. For people over 40, the rate is lower.":1,"#You can take an at-home pregnancy test 2 weeks after the IUI. Don’t test too soon — your results might be inaccurate.":1,"#When will I know if it worked?":1,"#You’ll rest on your back for a short while, and then you can go about your day. You may have light spotting or cramping.":1,"#The tube is inserted into the vagina, through the cervix, and to the uterus to release the sperm close to the egg. This only takes a few minutes.":1,"#Semen is prepared and placed in a thin tube. The healthiest sperm are ready to make their journey!":1,"#The day after your trigger shot, it’s time for the IUI procedure.":1,"#IUI is timed with your menstrual cycle. The sperm is placed at the time when the ovary releases an egg. Sometimes, medicine is used to help the body produce eggs.":1,"#The IUI procedure":1,"#When the egg is mature, you may be given a <strong ljsid-1=\"\">trigger shot</strong> of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This medicine helps make sure the egg is ready at the right time. A trigger shot can be used in both natural and medicated cycles.":1,"#An ultrasound will show images of the ovaries and egg growth.":1,"#A kit will tell you the timing by detecting an “LH surge.” (LH is a hormone released before an egg is released.)":1,"#With either cycle option, you’ll need to know when the egg is mature. It’s often around day 11 or 12, but you’ll use an ovulation predictor kit at home or go to the clinic for a transvaginal ultrasound to confirm.":1,"#Timing is important":1,"#In a <strong ljsid-1=\"\">medicated cycle</strong>, you’ll take fertility medicine to help your ovaries grow eggs. Starting around day 3 of your cycle, you’ll take medicine (often clomiphene citrate or letrozole, taken in pill form) for 5 days.":1,"#In a <strong ljsid-1=\"\">natural cycle</strong>, the procedure is timed based on your body’s ovulation (release of an egg).":1,"#There are 2 cycle options with IUI. Your team will walk you through the details, what to expect, and what’s best for you.":1,"#How does IUI work?":1,"#Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a fertility treatment in which sperm is placed in the uterus to increase the chance of pregnancy. You may have heard it called artificial insemination.":1,"#Updated by the Progyny Editorial Team. Reviewed by the Progyny Clinical Team — October 2025.":1,"#Amount you may be expected to pay is approximately: $2125 to $2597":1,"#Amount you may be expected to pay is approximately: $1865 to $2279":1,"#Progyny members can contact Progyny at <a ljsid-1=\"\">888.597.5065</a> or via their employer specific phone number to learn more about your employer-specific benefit and available care options.":1,"#Your OB-GYN can help you get started by checking your risk factors, answering your questions, and beginning basic fertility tests. They may also work with an REI for more expert care if needed.":1,"#Updated by the Progyny Clinical Team — October 2025. Trying to conceive can be a deep personal journey. For many […]":1,"#Fertility testing and treatment can feel overwhelming. Asking questions, understanding your options, and finding a care team you trust can help you move forward with confidence. Whether you’re just starting to try or already exploring treatment, you’re not alone — support and solutions are available.":1,"#Taking the next step":1,"#Assisted reproductive techniques like ICSI used in conjunction with IVF":1,"#Testicular sperm extraction (TESE)":1,"#Reproductive endocrinologists (REIs) are medical doctors who complete specialized training in reproductive medicine after a residency in obstetrics and gynecology (OB-GYN).":1,"#Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA)":1,"#Percutaneous sperm aspiration (PESA)":1,"#Varicocele repair or sperm retrieval procedures such as:":1,"#Supplements such as zinc, selenium, CoQ10, or antioxidants (if advised by your provider)":1,"#Treatments for sperm health include:":1,"#Donor or gestational carrier options, as recommended by your care team":1,"#Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (used with IVF when indicated)":1,"#In vitro fertilization (IVF)":1,"#Surgical procedures: To treat endometriosis, remove fibroids, or correct blockages":1,"#Specialists who can help":1,"#Ovulation induction: Medications to stimulate or regulate ovulation":1,"#Treatments typically used when egg or uterine factors are involved:":1,"#Medical and procedural treatments":1,"#Incorporating stress-reduction practices such as yoga or mindfulness":1,"#Achieving a healthy body weight":1,"#Stopping smoking or substance use":1,"#Adjusting timing and frequency of intercourse":1,"#Healthy daily habits can support fertility for anyone trying to conceive. Your provider may recommend:":1,"#Lifestyle and timing":1,"#Each fertility journey is unique. A treatment that works for one person or couple may not be right for another. Trust your care team to personalize your plan based on your results, health, and goals.":1,"#Your age, health history, and any past surgeries or conditions may also affect when you should get checked. Your provider might recommend that you start testing earlier. A full evaluation can find possible causes of infertility, but sometimes no clear reason is found. This is called unexplained infertility, or subfertility.":1,"#Your doctor will choose the most relevant tests for your situation.":1,"#Genetic testing or testicular biopsy, when indicated":1,"#Scrotal ultrasound or hormone testing":1,"#Advanced testing: DNA fragmentation, leukocyte screening, or anti-sperm antibodies":1,"#Semen analysis: Sperm count, motility, volume, and morphology":1,"#Testing for those with sperm may include:":1,"#Pelvic ultrasound, MRI, or laparoscopy":1,"#Hormone and genetic screening":1,"#Ovulation assessment: Menstrual history, basal body temperature, progesterone levels, and luteinizing hormone testing":1,"#Ovarian reserve testing: Anti-Müllerian hormone and antral follicle count":1,"#To support more people, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine expanded the definition of infertility. This helps those using donor sperm, donor eggs, or a gestational carrier get fertility care sooner.":1,"#Uterine and tubal evaluation: Hysterosalpingogram, saline sonohysterogram, or hysteroscopy":1,"#Testing for those with ovaries may include:":1,"#A fertility workup helps identify the underlying causes and guide next steps.":1,"#Testing and evaluation":1,"#Older paternal age can affect sperm quality and fertility potential":1,"#Medications, recreational drugs, smoking, or excess alcohol use":1,"#Genetic conditions, like cystic fibrosis":1,"#Hormonal or medical conditions such as diabetes":1,"#Past surgeries or vasectomy":1,"#Erectile dysfunction or ejaculation issues":1,"#Infertility is usually defined as not getting pregnant after 12 months of regular, unprotected sex. This is based on the idea that most heterosexual couples (about 85%) will conceive within a year. But this definition doesn’t fit everyone. For people who don’t have both egg and sperm — like same-sex couples or single parents by choice — infertility can be based on their situation, and help may be needed from the beginning.":1,"#Sperm abnormalities, such as issues with count, shape, or movement":1,"#Common sperm factors":1,"#Egg quantity and quality decline with age, though the rate varies by individual":1,"#Medications or drugs that interfere with fertility":1,"#Endocrine disorders that affect reproductive hormones":1,"#Congenital abnormalities or fibroids":1,"#Adhesions or ovarian cysts caused by endometriosis":1,"#Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes from pelvic infections or prior surgeries":1,"#Hormonal issues such as polycystic ovary syndrome can prevent ovulation":1,"#Common egg factors":1,"#Understanding infertility":1,"#Infertility may stem from egg factors, sperm factors, or a combination of both. Lifestyle and overall health also play an important role.":1,"#Common causes of infertility":1,"#Before you leave, make sure you understand which tests are recommended and what your follow-up timeline looks like. Remember: You are choosing the clinic and care team that will guide you through this process. A “high success rate” isn’t the only factor — choose a team that makes you feel heard and supported.":1,"#At your first appointment, you’ll review your medical history, discuss any symptoms or risk factors, receive fertility counseling, and make a plan for diagnostic testing. You may also discuss potential treatment options.":1,"#Bring a list of your questions and goals — and ask how your care team communicates (for example, by email, patient portal, or phone). Knowing what to expect can make your experience smoother.":1,"#Schedule specific lab work or imaging ahead of time":1,"#Submit prior test results or records":1,"#Complete a detailed medical history form (for you and your partner, if applicable)":1,"#Most fertility clinics follow a similar process before your first appointment. You may be asked to:":1,"#What to expect at your first fertility visit":1,"#Trying to conceive can be a deep personal journey. For many people and couples, it can also be challenging — about 1 in 6 have trouble conceiving on their own. So, when is the right time to speak with a fertility specialist?":1,"#It’s never too early to ask for support. Having an initial consultation doesn’t mean you have to start treatment. It’s a chance to learn more about your fertility and understand when getting help might be most useful. Your family doctor, OB-GYN, or REI can begin a preconception consultation and order basic fertility testing if needed.":1,"#Age 35 and over: Seek care after six months of trying.":1,"#Under age 35: Seek care after 12 months of trying.":1,"#If you’ve been trying to conceive without success, general guidance suggests:":1,"#Concerns about a partner’s sperm quality or ejaculation":1,"#Past pelvic surgery":1,"#Pain or difficulty with intercourse":1,"#Chronic medical conditions":1,"#A history of pelvic infection or pelvic inflammatory disease":1,"#Age, medical history, and reproductive symptoms all play a role in when to seek fertility care. You may benefit from seeing an REI even before trying to conceive if you have:":1,"#Updated by the Progyny Clinical Team — October 2025.":1,"#<strong ljsid-0=\"\">Underweight:</strong> BMI less than 18.5":1,"#BMI is a tool that compares weight and height to estimate body fat. Many providers use it to help assess health risks.":1,"#Understanding body mass index (BMI) and fertility":1,"#For those trying to conceive, both excess and low body weight can affect hormones, menstrual cycles, and pregnancy outcomes.":1,"#Excess weight or obesity can increase the likelihood of conditions such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke. Being underweight can also affect your health by disrupting your menstrual cycle and making it more difficult to conceive. During pregnancy, being underweight may increase the risk of premature delivery and other complications. It can also raise your risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular issues later in life.":1,"#This article explores how weight connects to fertility and shares holistic tips for nutrition and fitness.":1,"#Weight can be a sensitive topic, but it’s important to address it as part of overall health. Maintaining a healthy weight can help support your fertility and reduce certain health risks.":1,"#If you’ve made healthy changes to your nutrition and movement routine but are still facing challenges, talk with your provider. They can help identify factors that may affect your weight or fertility.":1,"#People with testes also benefit from regular physical activity. Cardiovascular and strength-training exercises can improve testosterone levels and sperm quality.":1,"#Physical activity is another important part of maintaining a healthy weight. Experts recommend moderate exercise — such as brisk walking, swimming, or yoga — for about 30 minutes a day, most days of the week. Intense activity can sometimes affect menstrual cycles, so talk with your provider about what level of exercise is right for you.":1,"#If meal planning feels overwhelming, consider meeting with a registered dietitian or nutritionist. They can help you create a plan that fits your goals and preferences.":1,"#Limiting trans fats and added sugars can also help manage weight and blood sugar. Studies show that an anti-inflammatory approach — such as following the Mediterranean diet — supports reproductive health.":1,"#Healthy fats, such as those from avocados and olive oil":1,"#Plant-based proteins":1,"#Why weight matters for fertility":1,"#A balanced diet and regular exercise support both fertility and overall well-being. The American Society for Reproductive Medicine recommends focusing on:":1,"#Nutrition and exercise for healthy weight maintenance":1,"#Abnormal sperm production: Hormone changes can affect sperm count and movement, reducing fertilization rates.":1,"#Hormone imbalance: Excess weight can raise body temperature, especially around the scrotum, which may lower testosterone and increase estrogen levels.":1,"#Risks of excess weight for people with testes":1,"#Overweight individuals have a higher risk of miscarriage, fetal loss after 20 weeks of pregnancy, high blood pressure, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes. Excess weight can also increase the risk of birth defects, such as heart and neural tube defects, and preterm birth.":1,"#Underweight individuals have a higher risk of preterm labor, preterm birth, and delivering a baby who is underweight.":1,"#According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists:":1,"#Decreased gonadotropin-releasing hormone: Being underweight can reduce gonadotropin-releasing hormone levels, leading to low production of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Without enough of these hormones, ovarian follicles can’t mature properly, which may lead to irregular or absent ovulation.":1,"#Weight is one factor that can affect fertility, but conditions such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) can also play a role. This article explores how weight connects to fertility and shares holistic tips for nutrition and fitness.":1,"#Higher estrogen levels: Excess body fat can increase estrogen production, which may interfere with ovulation.":1,"#Ovulation — the release of an egg each month — typically occurs in menstrual cycles lasting 21 to 35 days. Cycles outside this range can suggest ovulatory dysfunction, which happens when hormonal signals between the brain and ovaries are disrupted.":1,"#Ovulatory dysfunction":1,"#Risks of being overweight or underweight for people with ovaries":1,"#Because healthy weight looks different for everyone, talk with your provider if you’re concerned about your BMI or its impact on fertility.":1,"#Many factors can influence BMI, including age, sex, and ethnicity. Conditions such as PCOS and thyroid disorders can also affect both fertility and weight. For example, PCOS can increase the body’s resistance to insulin, leading to higher insulin levels and contributing to weight gain. It also increases the <a ljsid-1=\"\">amount</a> of male hormones (androgens), which also contribute to insulin resistance, as well as irregular periods and infertility.":1,"#A provider may use BMI to assess risks such as heart disease, sleep apnea, and type 2 diabetes. For those trying to get pregnant, BMI can also provide insight into potential risks during pregnancy, such as miscarriage or irregular ovulation.":1,"#<strong ljsid-0=\"\">Obesity:</strong> BMI of 30 or greater":1,"#<strong ljsid-0=\"\">Overweight:</strong> BMI between 25 and 29.9":1,"#<strong ljsid-0=\"\">Normal weight:</strong> BMI between 18.5 and 24.9":1,"#Conversations about health can sometimes focus solely on weight, which may feel challenging or overwhelming — especially if recommendations don’t consider your relationship with food, your body, or your mental health.":1,"#Updated by the Progyny Clinical Team — November 2025.":1,"#Updated by the Progyny Editorial Team — September 2025. There are many paths to building a family. For many, adoption […]":1,"#Managing emotional exhaustion on a family building journey":1,"#Updated by the Progyny Editorial Team — November 2025. Did you know that humans are actually pretty good at dealing with stress? But there’s […]":1,"#Updated by the Progyny Editorial Team — October 2025. If you’ve chosen to preserve your fertility through freezing embryos, eggs, or sperm, […]":1,"#Read More The gratitude benefits leaders don’t always see — but deserve":1,"#Updated by the Progyny Editorial Team — September 2025. In vitro fertilization (IVF) has transformed fertility care, offering hope to many people navigating infertility. Since the late 1970s, IVF has become one of the most common fertility treatments worldwide. Still, understanding when IVF is recommended, how it works, and what affects success can be complicated. Dr. Paul Dudley, Reproductive Endocrinologist with Pinnacle Fertility Atlanta, helps shed light on the ins and outs of IVF. What is IVF? In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a fertility treatment that helps people become pregnant when it hasn’t been possible through other means. IVF combines […]":1,"#IVF is a multi-step and complex process, and patients may have questions about the final stage — embryo transfer. The current best practice is Single Embryo Transfer (SET), in which a single embryo is placed into a patient’s uterus to begin a pregnancy. We talked to Dr. Charles Miller, Director of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery at the Advanced IVF Institute in Chicago, to learn more about this recommendation and how it has changed over time. Background When Dr. Miller first opened his IVF clinic in Naperville, Illinois in September 2001, the common practice was to transfer multiple embryos at one […]":1,"#Updated by the Progyny Clinical Team — June 2025. What is intrauterine insemination (IUI)? IUI is a type of fertility treatment. It helps sperm get closer to the egg during ovulation, which may improve the chances of pregnancy. Many IUI cycles use medications to help the body grow eggs and time ovulation. If you don’t ovulate regularly, your fertility provider may call this “ovulation induction.” If you do ovulate regularly, it’s called “ovarian stimulation.” In both cases, your provider will monitor you closely to see how your body is responding. Your fertility team wants to give you the best chance […]":1,"#Updated by the Progyny Clinical Team — June 2025. Embryo donation occurs when unused embryos from in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment are donated from one person or couple to another. IVF often results in extra embryos, which a person or couple may choose to freeze for future use. The extras may be used if the first treatment doesn’t work or to grow their family later. Once a family is complete, however, frozen embryos may remain. How successful is embryo donation? The donor embryo will be transferred into the uterus with the hope that it will implant and become a successful […]":1,"#Updated by the Progyny Clinical Team — June 2025. While most in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles proceed as planned, some cycles may need to be postponed or interrupted. It is important to be aware of these potential problems before undergoing treatment. Ovarian cysts During pretreatment screening, an ultrasound will check for ovarian cysts. If one or more cysts are present, your IVF cycle may be delayed. Cysts may interfere with the proper development of your egg cohort, and it may be best to wait for resolution of the cyst before continuing treatment. In general, most cysts will clear up on […]":1,"#Updated by the Progyny Clinical Team — August 2025. You’ve finished your consultation and all the testing. Now you’re ready to begin treatment. Based on your results, you’ve made a plan with your reproductive endocrinologist (REI) to start in vitro fertilization (IVF) using an antagonist protocol. What is the antagonist protocol? There are several IVF protocols that can be used. Each one is designed to help your ovaries grow the optimal number of mature eggs that can be fertilized. Hopefully, this leads to a healthy pregnancy. The antagonist protocol is the most common protocol to start with. Your REI will […]":1,"#Updated by the Progyny Clinical Team — August 2025. There are different ways to stimulate the ovaries during in vitro fertilization (IVF). The goal is to collect enough healthy eggs to create embryos and improve the chance of pregnancy. Each IVF protocol, whether traditional or alternative, follows a specific process. Traditional IVF protocols Short Lupron (antagonist protocol) This is the most common IVF protocol. It uses the fewest injections and works well for most patients. You may be told to take birth control pills before starting or to come to your clinic on the second or third day of your […]":1,"#Updated by the Progyny Clinical Team — August 2025. Fertility medications are prescription drugs that help people reach their family-building goals. They may be used for ovulation induction (OI) or controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) during in vitro fertilization (IVF). These medications work in different ways. Some block certain brain receptors, while others mimic hormones your body naturally makes. You may take them by mouth, apply them vaginally, or give them as self-administered injections. Before you start any medication or treatment plan, your reproductive endocrinologist (REI) will review your medical history and, if applicable, your partner’s history. A full evaluation, including […]":1,"#Updated by the Progyny Clinical Team — August 2025. In vitro fertilization (IVF) lab advances have improved how embryos are grown and selected. Your fertility team can now culture embryos to the blastocyst stage, which makes it easier to choose those with the best chance of success. Some embryos reach this stage on day 5, while others take more time and reach it on day 7. Day 7 embryos are less likely to result in pregnancy, but they still have a meaningful chance. Here’s what you should know about why slower growing embryos may have lower success rates and why […]":1,"#Updated by the Progyny Clinical Team — August 2025. Reaching the stage of pregnancy testing during in vitro fertilization (IVF) can bring both excitement and anxiety. It’s a major milestone and understanding what the test measures can help you prepare for the next steps. When to have a pregnancy test Your fertility care team will usually order a blood test about 8 to 10 days after an embryo transfer, or 14 to 16 days after intrauterine insemination (IUI) or timed intercourse. This waiting period is often called the “two-week wait,” and can be stressful. Testing too early can lead to […]":1,"#Updated by the Progyny Editorial Team — November 2025. If you’re facing fertility challenges or are interested in preserving your fertility, you may […]":1,"#Egg freezing and embryo banking: What’s the difference?":1,"#Your village might include people like:":1,"#Who can be there for you on short notice when you need it? And who’s good to have available for specific needs?":1,"#Think about what you need. Someone to listen? Talk through solutions? Take your mind off things? Help you at home, or at work? Advice from someone who’s been there?":1,"#For example, a close family member will love you unconditionally but might not deeply understand your fertility journey. A supportive manager might help immensely with your work-life balance, even if you can’t turn to them for a venting session.":1,"#Progyny's webinar discussed the ways members can build and lean on their support networks as they go through fertility treatment.":1,"#Q & A":1},"version":24837}]