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C., los latinos dominaron gran parte de la península itálica, formando finalmente el Imperio romano. Roma empleó una combinación de la amenaza de la fuerza y la oferta de beneficios socioeconómicos para incorporar a otros grupos a su imperio. Roma aprovechó las habilidades y el conocimiento de estos grupos para mejorar su tecnología, impulsando así sus objetivos de expansión territorial y consolidación del poder. En su apogeo, el imperio se extendía desde el sur de Inglaterra hasta la costa ibérica, el norte de África y Oriente Medio, con Roma y la península itálica en el centro. Tras la caída del Imperio romano de Occidente en el siglo V d. C., visigodos, hunos y ostrogodos dejaron escasos vestigios del dominio romano.":1,"#, a nonprofit organization dedicated to supporting people impacted by DNA surprises, adoption, donor conception, NPEs, misattributed parentage, and loss of genetic continuity.":1,"#Kara experienced her own DNA surprise, an NPE that reshaped her understanding of her genetic identity, ethnicity, family story, and sense of belonging. That experience led her to found":1,"#Founder and CEO, Right to Know":1,"#because they shape a person’s story, health, and sense of self.":1,"#we believe genetic identity and continuity matter":1,"#At Right to Know,":1,"#you are still trying to make sense of your own experience":1,"#around how much emotional caretaking you can do for others while":1,"#set boundaries":1,"#, even when other people are uncomfortable. You are also allowed to":1,"#seek your own truth":1,"#You are allowed to":1,"#of the story. Some may have known. Some may not. Some may be relieved the truth is out. Some may feel exposed, afraid, angry, or protective.":1,"#different family members have different versions":1,"#You may discover that":1,"#the truth may need to be approached with care":1,"#That does not mean the truth should stay hidden. It means":1,"#They ripple through families.":1,"#DNA surprises do not happen in isolation.":1,"#it does not determine your worth or whether you deserve answers":1,"#I struggled with rejection from both the family who raised me and my new genetic family. Give yourself time to grieve over lost possibilities. And remember, while a response may affect you deeply,":1,"#building the courage to send that message":1,"#On the other hand, if you are the person being contacted, remember that the person reaching out may have spent days, weeks, months, or years":1,"#that can help you prepare before making contact.":1,"#outreach advice and downloadable sample letters":1,"#Right to Know also offers":1,"#Let them know you would like help confirming how you might be related.":1,"#State what you’re seeking:":1,"#Write a brief paragraph with highlights of your life.":1,"#Share about yourself:":1,"#Share your significant genetic matches and how you’re likely related.":1,"#Share why you’re writing:":1,"#. You might say:":1,"#leave room for the other person to process the information":1,"#. It should not demand an immediate response. It should":1,"#calm, brief, and respectful":1,"#A good first message is usually":1,"#, what you are asking for, and how much information you are sharing at once. A message that feels clear to you may feel shocking to the person receiving it.":1,"#think about what you want to say":1,"#Before reaching out,":1,"#. Sometimes contact is welcomed. Sometimes it is complicated. Sometimes people need time.":1,"#you may want to reach out right away":1,"#If your DNA results reveal a new genetic parent, sibling, child, or other close relative,":1,"#RightToKnow.us":1,"#You can learn more at":1,"#. You are still here. You are still whole. And you deserve truth, care, and support as you decide what comes next.":1,"#it does not erase you":1,"#A DNA surprise can change your understanding of your story, but":1,"#Some days you may want answers. Some days you may want a break. Some days you may feel strong, and other days one photo, name, or memory may knock the wind out of you.":1,"#Move at a pace your nervous system can handle.":1,"#Notice what you are feeling. Find a support group. Listen to podcasts, read books, watch films related to DNA surprises. Take moments for yourself that center and ground you. Try to process your initial reaction before reaching out.":1,"#Write down your questions.":1,"#Take screenshots of matches, trees, and messages. DNA matches can disappear. Trees can be made private.":1,"#Save what you are seeing.":1,"#can give you a place to sort through your thoughts, track what you’re learning, and process emotions before reaching out.":1,"#guided journals":1,"#You may also find it helpful to use a journal created specifically for DNA surprises, NPEs, donor conception, adoption, or genetic identity discoveries. These":1,"#without needing the whole thing explained.":1,"#how powerful it is to sit with people who understand":1,"#I know how isolating this experience can feel, and I also know":1,"#, look for someone familiar with adoption, donor conception, NPE experiences, DNA surprises, family secrets, grief, trauma, and identity. You should not have to spend all your emotional energy explaining why this matters.":1,"#If you seek therapy":1,"#the people closest to you may not know how to respond":1,"#One of the hardest parts of a DNA surprise is that":1,"#can bring grief, anger, confusion, fear, validation, betrayal, curiosity, or relief. Sometimes people feel all of these things in the same day or at the same time. Sometimes they feel nothing at first, and the emotions come later.":1,"#that uncovers something unexpected.":1,"#a genealogy search":1,"#a medical question":1,"#a family confession":1,"#a message from a newly discovered relative":1,"#For others, it comes through":1,"#through a direct-to-consumer DNA test":1,"#For some, the discovery comes":1,"#Paola Favole":1,"#E-FTE82316":1,"#toggle F8730502":1,"#toggle F6911327":1,"#toggle F6583280":1,"#toggle H1j1b+150":1,"#toggle H1j1b1":1,"#toggle F2264922":1,"#toggle H1j+200":1,"#toggle F5904007":1,"#toggle H1j51":1,"#toggle H1j50":1,"#toggle H1j49a":1,"#toggle H1j49":1,"#toggle H1j48":1,"#toggle H1j39^":1,"#toggle H1j31+4733":1,"#toggle H1j31":1,"#toggle H1j22'42":1,"#toggle H1j13a":1,"#toggle F8774050":1,"#Carmen Zuñiga":1,"#Maria Joana de Jesus":1,"#ELMA DRUDY S.Maria Elena Manzano b.1950 and d.2017":1,"#F4308219":1,"#F6853266":1,"#F9282792":1,"#B2i2b5":1,"#F4222104":1,"#B2au2a":1,"#F3286048":1,"#B2b1^":1,"#F6359460":1,"#B2e3a1":1,"#F2698406":1,"#F6617110":1,"#H5d":1,"#Herrera, Esperanza Nora":1,"#Montenegro, Marcelo":1,"#Gilda Do Not Send Carrascosa":1,"#Mrs. Carmen Alejandra Ormeño":1,"#Santiago Baptista":1,"#Anjali Menezes-Kelling":1,"#Buenos dias Marcelo, segun nuestros adn seriamos primos terceros a quintos. En tus apellidos ancestreales veo que hay personas de tucuman de apellido lizaraga, coincidencias o no, mi esposa tiene tios en tucuman con ese apellido. Podras decirme si tenes una prima en tucuman que se llame liliana lizarraga":1,"#Buenos dias Marcelo, segun nuestros adn seriamos primos":1,"#María del Carmen Salazar":1,"#Ancient DNA Highlights of 2022 - FamilyTreeDNA Blog":1,"#Non-competitive comparative mappings for the final reference sequence":1,"#Your newest mix of my origins is in Opposition to the Ancient Euro Origins percentages I have. It shows me to be 25% Non-European (My Native American DNA). Then how can MyOrigins show me to be 83% European? MyOrigins is incorrect in my case. Ancestry and 23&Me show me to be 27.3 or 28 % NA, not only 17%":1,"#Lyman":1,"#What happened to the Berber connection?":1,"#William Watson":1,"#This new year also shows promise with a new paper on Viking migrations and movement across northern Europe. To keep informed as these papers come out, sign up for our blog. Or check out Discover to see if you are connected to any of the ancient samples.":1,"#Ancient DNA in 2023":1,"#The list of 2022 aDNA accomplishments continues with a look at papers that analyzed the origin, evolution, and impact of ancient human pathogens. Early in the year, Meriam Guellil and her team analyzed the genome of an Anglo-Saxon plague victim. They identified the earliest evidence of bacterial meningitis, a disease that is still a major cause of infant mortality today. Their research is among a small group of projects that is using aDNA methods to understand the origins, spread, and impact of human pathogens on our history as a species in order to help us battle these diseases in the future.":1,"#Applications to Medicine":1,"#These two papers proved that aDNA can be studied collaboratively and ethically across tropical regions of the world where DNA does not usually survive well. 2022 showed the feasibility of studying tropical aDNA across vast areas of the globe.":1,"#Across the globe in Sub-Saharan Africa, Mark Lipson, Mary Predegast, and their team were also studying aDNA. Their team analyzed 31 ancient genomes from regions across East Africa. They found an individual who belonged to the rare mitochondrial DNA haplogroup L7. The haplogroup had been discovered and named by FamilyTreeDNA researchers earlier that same year.":1,"#But 2022 was not just about the vast quantity of new ancient genomes; it was about diversity as well. Dr. Yue-Chen Liu led a study of 164 individuals from several islands in Micronesia. The study included 153 samples from the islands of Guam and Saipan. Chen’s breakthrough study also included DNA from living participants. With this new method, the team gained a better understanding of population settlement and historical continuity in the area.":1,"#Every Corner of the World":1,"#Several hundred miles to the northeast Joscha Gretzinger, Johannes Krause, and their team analyzed 460 genomes from medieval Europeans. Their research included the largest study of historic English samples. What they found connected millions of people across the United Kingdom, North America, and beyond to the analyzed samples.":1,"#Some of the most impactful publications of the year included a trio of papers that came out in the early fall, led by Iosif Lazaridis and David Reich. Their team analyzed more than 700 palegenomes from across West Asia, the Caucasus region, Anatolia, and southern Europe, otherwise known as the Southern Arc. Their findings showed who some of the earliest farmers in the region were. They also discovered how groups arose and moved across the Middle East. They were able to show how vital the Southern Arc was in populating Central and South Asia, southern Europe, and North Africa.":1,"#In 2022, scholars published more than 50 new aDNA articles. During that process, they analyzed more than 2,000 ancient genomes. That’s more than any other year! This achievement demonstrates how DNA extraction and sequencing technology is always evolving. The more we discover, the easier it is to investigate the DNA of more people and older samples.":1,"#A Record-breaking Year":1,"#These discoveries enriched FamilyTreeDNA’s ancient connections feature. For the first time ever, our genetic genealogy customers can connect with the thousands of ancient relatives that match their haplogroup and their part of the ancestral story.":1,"#As we ring in 2023, we can look back on 2022 as done, over, and ancient history. And what we learned from ancient history made it a year for the books, literally. 2022 proved to be a monumental year for the field of ancient DNA (aDNA). New aDNA discoveries and publications have expanded our knowledge and understanding of ancient history.":1,"#We learned so many new and exciting things from ancient DNA in 2022. Our understanding of human migration, livelihood, and disease increased through the work scientists did this past year.":1,"#James Bindon d .1791 Somerset, England":1,"#David Bindon, b. ~1595 and d. 1664 Porlock, SOM":1,"#William Bindon (1775-1857) of Nettlecombe, SOM":1,"#William Bindon (~1716-1771) of Dulverton, SOM":1,"#Rex Bindon":1,"#I-Z125":1,"#Boggs of Greenbrier, WV":1,"#Albert Blower, b. 1905 ish and d. 1988 ish":1,"#William Black, 1727-1815":1,"#Alexander Black, b. 1775 and D. 1827":1,"#José Joaquín de Iturbide y Arreguí1750":1,"#Garl Garlsson Mettälä 1780-1840 Anjala FIN":1,"#Wyatt Adams, b.c. 1852, Mitchell County, Ga.":1,"#JOHN ADAMS, 1789 - 1845":1,"#Sanchez Coll":1,"#Fruto Fuentes, b.1887 and d. 1963":1,"#Kathleen Bourke-reid":1,"#Cordele, GA, USA":1,"#Cordell, OK, USA":1,"#Cordova, AL, USA":1,"#Corpus Christi, TX, USA":1,"#Corrigan, TX, USA":1,"#Corinth, TX, USA":1,"#Corona, CA, USA":1,"#Corsicana, TX, USA":1,"#mtDNA haplogroup D1ai1 Time Tree showing La Señora de Cao’s maternal lineage":1,"#Full-body reconstruction of La Señora de Cao in gold ceremonial regalia":1,"#3D replica of La Señora de Cao wearing gold headdress and necklace, Museo Cao":1,"#Y-DNA haplogroup Q-CTS10359 Time Tree showing Momias de México 6’s paternal lineage":1,"#A full-body reconstruction of La Señora de Cao, the tattooed Moche ruler, displayed at Musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac, Paris. (Jean-Pierre Dalbéra, CC BY 2.0)":1,"#La Señora de Cao — Haplogroup D (mtDNA): The Tattooed Elite of the Moche":1,"#Momias de México 6 — Haplogroup Q-CTS10359: Threads Between Worlds":1,"#Las Américas, Ecatepec de Morelos, State of Mexico, Mexico":1,"#Las Vegas, NM, USA":1,"#Las Cruces, NM, USA":1,"#Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain":1,"#Las Vegas, NV, USA":1,"#You have successfully set up a recovery email rosamolab@gmail.com. If you wish to use a different recovery email in the case that you cannot access your main email, click the Reset button below.":1,"#You have successfully set up two-factor authentication using orsiloxos@gmail.com as your two-factor authentication email. If you wish to receive your verification codes at a different email address, click the Reset button below.":1,"#Y-DNA Haplotree - Confirmed Haplogroup is I-Y3643 ":1,"#Josep Maria Rovira":1,"#ioanna tasiopoulou":1,"#toggle F7081066":1,"#toggle H3s2c1":1,"#toggle F9040090":1,"#toggle H3s2c":1,"#toggle F8496055":1,"#toggle F6616970":1,"#toggle F3254300":1,"#toggle F3224702":1,"#Quraysh & Banu-Hashem - DNA Results - FamilyTreeDNA":1,"#* FGC8703+":1,"#You have a Notable Connection in the Musician category. This haplogroup connection is relatively rare compared to other customer results. Take a look at your Notable Connections to learn more.":1,"#We just sent a verification code to your email ta***on@gmail.com. Please enter the 6-digit verification code.":1,"#Jimena Coronado":1,"#Anders Bokström":1,"#ALL R1b (R-M343), R-M269, tested/predicted folks should join. All R1b subclades, including P312/S116, L21/S145/M529, U152/S28, DF27/S250, U106/S21, DF19, DF99, L238, S1194, Z2103, BY14355, PH155, PF6323, V88, M73, M335, PF7562, PF7589/Z2118, or any subclade of the above should join. This project is consistent with the R1b Project System(tw). This project is the Master or Lead project for the R1b Project System. This the entry project or \"Gateway\" into the system. If you join we will automatically join you to the appropriate subclade of R1b project(s), but please stay in the R1b project for matching and research.
*** Goals >>>
1) Discovery of the Tree of Mankind’s paternal lineages
2) Connect to family, extended families, clans, origins and migrations
3) Support family research with full genetic genealogy support
*** Methods for the R1b All Subclades Project >>>
A) Discussion groups/activity feeds for help and research
B) Public display of FTDNA project reports for haplogroups/haplotypes, surnames, EKPAs
C) Privacy protection for full contact names and info by compliance with FTDNA standards
D) Gateway service automatically joins people to the right subclade projects where Refined subgrouping is supported
*** Methods and Themes for the R1b Project System and its Subclade Projects >>>
E) Refined subgrouping to terminal (most youthful) haplogroups
F) Long SNP ancestral paths to support Group Time Trees
G) Sorted by Tree of Mankind branching from the Haplotree
\"dtree\"
*** Key Steps to Take and Project Operations are on the About/Background page. For Q&A check the project Activity Feed or R1b.YDNA FB group. If you do not want to join R1b subclades projects please do not join this project.":1,"#R _R1b ALL Subclades Project (Joined)":1,"#P312+ and downstream subclade tested people should join this project. WAMH (Western Atlantic) STR modal people are also probably P312+. All people under R-P312 are welcome, but the focus of this project is R-P312 minor subclades. Those focus subclades are: R-A9063, R-BY140446, R-BY189791, R-BY22760 leer más...":1,"#P312+ and downstream subclade tested people should join this project. WAMH (Western Atlantic) STR modal people are also probably P312+. All people under R-P312 are welcome, but the focus of this project is R-P312 minor subclades. Those focus subclades are: R-A9063, R-BY140446, R-BY189791, R-BY22760 read more...":1,"#458d":1,"#Yefet Sandoval Mena":1,"#Oostwoud 4068":1,"#Medina - DNA Results - FamilyTreeDNA":1,"#Are you a member of the COLOMBIA DNA project?":1,"#Longitude: -103.3470":1,"#Latitidue: 20.6776":1,"#Longitude: -105.7322":1,"#Latitidue: 20.3139":1,"#Longitude: -104.4591":1,"#Latitidue: 24.7775":1,"#Fedorovo":1,"#R-FT42376 and Downstream (Including other Letters)":1,"#R-FT42376 and Downstream (Excluding other Letters)":1,"#Downstream Branches: 17":1,"#R-FTE1440 and Downstream (Including other Letters)":1,"#R-FTE1440 and Downstream (Excluding other Letters)":1,"#R-BY94013 and Downstream (Including other Letters)":1,"#R-BY94013 and Downstream (Excluding other Letters)":1,"#R-FTE98242 and Downstream (Including other Letters)":1,"#R-FTE98242 and Downstream (Excluding other Letters)":1,"#R-YP5272 and Downstream (Including other Letters)":1,"#R-YP5272 and Downstream (Excluding other Letters)":1,"#R-YP5275 and Downstream (Including other Letters)":1,"#R-YP5275 and Downstream (Excluding other Letters)":1,"#R-FT359080 and Downstream (Including other Letters)":1,"#R-FT359080 and Downstream (Excluding other Letters)":1,"#R-FT359082 and Downstream (Including other Letters)":1,"#R-FT359082 and Downstream (Excluding other Letters)":1,"#Tenancingo, Estado de México, México":1,"#On average 30 Private Variants in 2 Big Y participants":1,"#R-YP5271 and Downstream (Including other Letters)":1,"#R-YP5271 and Downstream (Excluding other Letters)":1,"#Toluca, Estado de México, México":1,"#R-Y19715 and Downstream (Including other Letters)":1,"#R-Y19715 and Downstream (Excluding other Letters)":1,"#R-Y34162 and Downstream (Including other Letters)":1,"#R-Y34162 and Downstream (Excluding other Letters)":1,"#R-Z29096 and Downstream (Including other Letters)":1,"#R-Z29096 and Downstream (Excluding other Letters)":1,"#R-Y210252 and Downstream (Including other Letters)":1,"#R-Y210252 and Downstream (Excluding other Letters)":1,"#Álamos, Sonora, México":1,"#Aggregated Private Variant: 1":1,"#Aggregated Public Variants: 52":1,"#R-Y214838 and Downstream (Including other Letters)":1,"#R-Y214838 and Downstream (Excluding other Letters)":1,"#Jalisco, México":1,"#R-FTB5268 and Downstream (Including other Letters)":1},"version":375106}]