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Reverses steps down in ":1,"#G1719A: Converges steps away in Converges steps away in Converges steps away in ":1,"#Buran Kaya 3A":1,"#Guillermo Julián's updates":1,"#F9233511":1,"#A2p9":1,"#T2b24a":1,"#I-Y5451":1,"#Moura - I2a: Balcanes de Europa. En el año 409 d. C., los suevos (un pueblo báltico) y los vándalos (un pueblo germánico oriental) se establecieron en la península ibérica. Menos de 100 años después, los visigodos (un pueblo germánico oriental) conquistaron Iberia, tras haber conquistado Roma, y se asentaron allí en el año 507 d. C. La antigua patria de los visigodos era Suecia, de la que habían emigrado alrededor de la época de Cristo. Estos tres pueblos nórdicos introdujeron el haplogrupo I y los subhaplogrupos I1 e I2 en Iberia. El 13 % de los ibéricos actuales comparten este origen. El haplogrupo I2a se encuentra predominantemente en los Balcanes, donde probablemente mutó del haplogrupo I. También se encuentra de forma significativa en Cerdeña y el País Vasco (I2a2).":1,"#Bendaña - I: Origen nórdico (noroccidental europeo). En el año 409 d. C., los suevos (un pueblo báltico) y los vándalos (un pueblo germánico oriental) se establecieron en la península ibérica. Menos de 100 años después, los visigodos (un pueblo germánico oriental) conquistaron Iberia, tras haber conquistado Roma, y se asentaron allí en el año 507 d. C. La antigua patria de los visigodos era Suecia, de donde habían emigrado hacia la época de Cristo. Estos tres pueblos nórdicos introdujeron el haplogrupo I y los subhaplogrupos I1 e I2 en Iberia. El 13 % de los ibéricos actuales comparten este origen.":1,"#14211 members":1,"#Mexico DNA Project - Project Statistics - FamilyTreeDNA":1,"#Mexico DNA Project - News - FamilyTreeDNA":1,"#Sorenson Database":1,"#Mitosearch Database":1,"#Compare your markers here, with the":1,"#Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in the Amerindian: Tarahumara, Huichol, and Purépecha, and in one Mestizo Mexican population":1,"#Origin and Diffusion of mtDNA Haplogroup X":1,"#World Distribution of MTDNA Haplogroups":1,"#The Structure of Diversity within New World Mitochondrial DNA":1,"#Geographical locations of specific markers in world populations":1,"#mtDNA Affinities of the Peoples of North-Central Mexico":1,"#Who were the First Americans?":1,"#Beringian Standstill and Spread of Native American Founders":1,"#New Population and Phylogenetic Features of the Internal Variation within Mitochondrial DNA Macro-Haplogroup R0":1,"#The Mitochondrial DNA Landscape of Modern Mexico":1,"#Project Library":1,"#José Asdrubal's updates":1,"#The specified file 'AncestryDNA 2.txt' could not be uploaded. The file is an unsupported version or in a corrupt/malformed format. Please place an order for Family Finder™ or download the file and try again.":1,"#Grupos que trabajan para lograr la evolución de un haplogrupo específico.":1,"#Para machos y hembras genéticos":1,"#J-BY188030":1,"#North Africa: 1.8% (Maghreb & Egypt, Bedouin)":1,"#Middle East & North Africa: 3.7% (Middle East, North Africa, Caucasus, Arabia, Middle East Jewish)":1,"#Americas: 35.2% (Amerindian – Central America, Amerindian – Andes & Caribbean, Amerindian – North America, Amerindian – Argentina & Chile, Amerindian – Amazon, Amerindian – Central & South Mexico, Amerindian – North Mexico, Amerindian – Yucatan Peninsula)":1,"#Americas: 35.2% (Americas)":1,"#Western Europe: 1.6% (Scandinavia, Central Europe, England, Wales, and Scotland, Ireland)":1,"#Eastern Europe: 3.8% (Magyar, East Slavic, West Slavic)":1,"#Southern Europe: 55.6% (Iberian Peninsula, Greece & Balkans, Basque, Italian Peninsula, Malta, Sardinia)":1,"#Europe: 61.1% (Southern Europe, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Baltic, Finnish, European Jewish)":1,"#X2b4 mtDNA - DNA Results - FamilyTreeDNA":1,"#X2b4 mtDNA - Background - FamilyTreeDNA":1,"#When making inquiries about this project, please contact all project adminstrators (i.e., together, in a single email message) so that whomever might happen to be able to answer first, or whomever has the most appropriate expertise, can do so.":1,"#for updated project information about the X2b4 mtDNA haplogroup.":1,"#Visit":1,"#Of the above mutations, only two, the mutations at 16189 and at 16278 are found in the HVR1 region, and only the mutation at 195 is found in the HVR2 region. The balance of these mutations are found in the coding region, so a haplogroup cannot be predicted at a higher level that X or perhaps X2 without the full sequence test.":1,"#G3705A":1,"#C8393T, G15927A":1,"#T195C!, G1719A":1,"#T6221C, C6371T, A13966G, T14470C, T16189C!, C16278T!":1,"#Required Mutations":1,"#Haplogroup or Subgroup":1,"#Haplogroup X2b4 is characterized by several distinctive mutations, as follows.":1,"#Hypervariable Region 2 (73)":1,"#Mariana Natividad Miranda":1,"#Select up to 10 matches to compare in Matrix.":1,"#Compare Chromosome Browser":1,"#R U106 (R1b-U106) Y-DNA Haplogroup - News - FamilyTreeDNA":1,"#2006 - R-L1/S26 Project founded on the basis of SNP L1, which impeded the original primers for DYS marker 439. Admins were Leo Little, Neal Fox, David Mason, Blaine Bettinger, and others. See also Joe Fox’s books “Growing with America - The Fox Family of Philadelphia” https://www.xlibris.com/bookstore/bookdetail.aspx?bookid=SKU-0035157049 and “Growing with America - Colonial Roots” https://www.xlibris.com/Bookstore/BookDetail.aspx?Book=742671 , which include history of the L1/S26 Project. By December 2006, it was discovered that L1 was a descendant subclade of U106.":1,"#2008 - R-U106 Project founded by David Weston, Dan Draghici, Mike Maddi, and Gary Corbett.":1,"#2009 - 500 members.":1,"#2011 - 1,000 members.":1,"#2014 - FTDNA Big Y test results add many new subclades to the R1b-U106 branch of the human family Y tree.":1,"#2015 - 2,500 members, 500 with Big Y.":1,"#2019 - 5,000 members, 1,900 with the upgraded Big Y-500.":1,"#2019 - R-L1/S26 Project merged into the R1b-U106 Project.":1,"#2019 - over 1,000 members had ordered the new Big Y-700, with about 50% more SNPs than the previous Big Y-500.":1,"#2022 - 7,000 members, with over 4,000 Big Y tests (Y500 and Y700 combined), which have created over 5,000 haplogroup branches on the FTDNA Haplotree.":1,"#Historical milestones of the R-U106 Project:":1,"#Please contact Charles Moore if you are interested in becoming a Co-Administrator of this project.":1,"#Blood - Overview - FamilyTreeDNA":1,"#The Blood Family Project is a Y project for men who are called BLOOD or can trace their patrilineal (direct male line) ancestor to a man called BLOOD. The project intends to either prove or disprove what branches are related. down the straight male line. Most of the work will be set in The United States, England and Australia. Please ensure your access level for both the admins is set to \"Full\" or \"Limited\" so that we are able to help you find matches or other information on your heritage.":1,"# was a month old baby boy who lived between during the Age and was found in the region now known as ":1,"#natalia berensztein":1,"#Avery’s Rest 2":1,"#Jenny Bermúdez":1,"#Presidente Dutra - State of Bahia, Brazil":1,"#Presidente Dutra, Guarulhos - State of São Paulo, Brazil":1,"#Presidente Dutra - Pres. Dutra, Presidente Dutra - State of Bahia, Brazil":1,"#Presidente Derqui, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina":1,"#President, PA, USA":1,"#Presidio County, TX, USA":1,"#Presidente Prudente - State of São Paulo, Brazil":1,"#Presidente Epitácio, State of São Paulo, Brazil":1,"#Presidente Prudente - Conjunto Habitacional Ana, Presidente Prudente - State of São Paulo, Brazil":1,"#Presidente Venceslau, State of São Paulo, Brazil":1,"#Presidente Dutra, State of Maranhão, Brazil":1,"#Preston, UK":1,"#Prescott Valley, AZ, USA":1,"#Premont, TX, USA":1,"#Prescott, AZ, USA":1,"#Presidio, TX, USA":1,"#Prescott, AR, USA":1,"#Mont Saint-Pierre 1":1,"#toggle I-FTJ51362":1,"#Vasilievka 2":1,"#Tagliente 2":1,"#Koelbjerg Man":1,"#San Teodoro cave, Messina":1,"#toggle C-BY29694":1,"#toggle C-F9992":1,"#toggle C-FTJ27605":1,"#toggle C-Z22426":1,"#toggle C-FT90675":1,"#toggle C-FTG32887":1,"#toggle C-F12665":1,"#toggle C-F12948":1,"#Lisakovsk 23":1,"#Xikakandasayi 4":1,"#Rostovka 32816":1,"#E-FTB90151":1,"#Celebrate 25 years of FamilyTreeDNA with stories from two early Group Project Administrators and how their work helped shape the field of genetic genealogy.":1,"#Early Group Project Administrators Reflect on 25 Years of FamilyTreeDNA":1,"#Jim Bartlett - FamilyTreeDNA Blog":1,"#Jim Bartlett stands with fellow genealogists at the 15th International Conference on Genetic Genealogy, holding the book Advanced Genetic Genealogy.":1,"#Roberta Estes leads a breakout session on Y-DNA and SNPs during the International Conference on Genetic Genealogy, encouraging discussion among participants.":1,"#Roberta Estes holds her book DNA for Native American Genealogy, with an overlaid quote about the importance of teamwork as a Group Project Administrator.":1,"#Jim Bartlett speaking at the 2019 International Conference on Genetic Genealogy, with an overlaid quote about the qualities needed to be a successful Group Project Administrator.":1,"#Jim Bartlett speaks with Roberta Estes during the National Geographic Genographic Project Conference in the mid-2000s.":1,"#Roberta Estes presents handmade DNA-themed quilts to Bennett Greenspan and Max Blankfeld during the 2016 International Conference on Genetic Genealogy in Houston, Texas.":1,"#Attendees at the 2023 International Conference on Genetic Genealogy listen to a keynote presentation.":1,"#He wrote Chapter 1: Lessons Learned from Triangulating a Genome in “Advanced Genetic Genealogy: Techniques and Case Studies” edited by Debbie Wayne Parker. He contributed to “So Far; Genetic Genealogy; the first 25 years 1999-2024″, by Diahan Southard. Disclaimer: Although a volunteer at several companies, he does not represent, or receive compensation from, any company.":1,"#Jim has been an active, researching, genealogist for over 50 years. He took his first DNA test in 2002 to launch the Bartlett Surname Group Project. He has been using autosomal DNA (atDNA) since 2010 – testing at all five major companies. He has validated over 10,000 DNA Matches who descend from most of his ancestry. He built a Chromosome Map of his DNA segments, linking almost all of them to his Ancestors. He is an avid proponent of segment Triangulation, Clustering and other powerful new DNA tools; and enjoys teaching them to other genealogists. He writes a DNA blog, segmentology.org, focused on explaining and using atDNA.":1,"#Jim Bartlett":1,"#An avid 40-year genealogist, Roberta has written over 1600 articles at DNAeXplained about genetic genealogy as well as how to combine traditional genealogy with DNA to solve those stubborn ancestor puzzles. Roberta took her first DNA test in 1999 and hasn’t stopped.":1,"#Roberta Estes, author of the book, DNA for Native American Genealogy, The Complete Guide to FamilyTreeDNA, and the popular genetic genealogy blog DNAeXplained is also a scientist, National Geographic Genographic affiliate researcher, Million Mito team member, and founding pioneer in the genetic genealogy field.":1,"#About the Group Project Administrators":1,"#APPLY TO BE A GROUP PROJECT ADMINISTRATOR":1,"#If you’re passionate about helping others discover their roots and making an impact through DNA, you can become a part of that legacy too.":1,"#Our Group Project Administrators have played an essential role in shaping FamilyTreeDNA’s history. Their passion, discoveries, and dedication continue to fuel our shared mission of exploring family, identity, and connection through DNA.":1,"#Have You Been Inspired to Take Part?":1,"#Roberta is excited about the refinement of the mitochondrial tree and its implications for uncovering unknown ancestors. “I’m hopeful that new features will help identify shared genetic ancestors in match lists,” she says. “That can help identify our unknown ancestors too.”":1,"#Jim Bartlett at the 15th International Conference on Genetic Genealogy with with Debbie Parker Wayne and Patti Hobbs and a copy of the book Advanced Genetic Genealogy.":1,"#Jim hopes FamilyTreeDNA will implement new tools to automate clustering and triangulation. These features, he says, would make the process easier for all users and help walk ancestral lines back generation by generation.":1,"#As we celebrate the past 25 years, we also look to the future with curiosity, gratitude, and optimism.":1,"#What’s Next for FamilyTreeDNA and Genetic Genealogy?":1,"#Roberta Estes leads a breakout session on Y-DNA and SNP topics during the International Conference on Genetic Genealogy.":1,"#What keeps them going? For Jim, it’s the unfinished puzzle. “I want to solve both parts, the chromosome map and the ancestral connection.” He’s mapped over 370 triangulated groups so far. For Roberta, it’s about honoring those who came before. “DNA reaches beyond what records can. Resurrecting their history is how we assure they’re never forgotten.”":1,"#“Divide the job,” Roberta advises. “One person can focus on grouping, another on genealogy and communication. Many hands make light work.”":1,"#“It’s not hard. It takes thought, empathy, and logic,” says Jim. “You’ll learn a lot about the surname and become the expert, helping others find their way.”":1,"#With decades of experience between them, these Group Administrators have some sage advice for those just beginning their journey.":1,"#Advice from the Pioneers: What Today’s Group Administrators Can Learn":1,"#Roberta highlights a turning point for all three types of DNA. “Big Y-700 and Y-DNA Discover™ have shifted the focus from being related thousands of years ago to relationships within a genealogical timeframe,” she says. She also notes the power of mitochondrial DNA and mtDNA Discover for uncovering female ancestors whose surnames are often lost. “When this industry first launched, autosomal DNA wasn’t even on the horizon. Now tools like Family Matching and triangulation are changing everything.”":1,"#Jim started with Y-25 and Y-37 tests paired with strong traditional genealogy. But today, Big Y testing has taken the Bartlett Group Project further, helping narrow connections back to Plymouth, Massachusetts. “It’s opened up levels of resolution we didn’t have before,” Jim says. He hopes to see FamilyTreeDNA implement automated segment triangulation and clustering to make these tools even more accessible.":1,"#From paper charts to cutting-edge tools, a lot has changed since the early 2000s. Our Group Administrators have had a front-row seat to it all.":1,"#From Y-25 to Big Y: How DNA Tools Have Transformed Over Time":1,"#Roberta’s most emotional moments often involve adoptees. In one case, she helped a man unsure of his biological father identify potential candidates. Months later, he reached out to one of them and received a call in return. “I’m not your father,” the man said, “but I am your uncle.” The cousin had waited too long to reach out—his father had passed—but the uncle invited him to the family reunion, where he was welcomed with open arms. “Their relationship has continued for many years,” Roberta shared. “And now he’s one of our most active project members.”":1,"#Not all surprises were straightforward. In one case, four women tested men from four brother lines born around 1800. Three matched. One didn’t. Jim dug into the records and into a family story. Nine months before one of the brothers was born, the neighbor’s wife had become bedridden. A kind gesture of delivering food turned into a new chapter in their family history. The misattributed parentage was confirmed through DNA, and rather than cause tension, the women embraced the truth and remained friends and BARTLETT researchers to this day.":1,"#One of Jim’s most rewarding discoveries came when two seemingly separate lines in the Bartlett Group Project, one with Mayflower roots and another from colonial Virginia, turned out to be related. “Burned counties had kept us from finding their pre-1776 ancestors,” Jim explains, “but Y-DNA at every level showed the two lines were connected.”":1,"#In the world of genealogy, every match tells a story. Over the years, our Group Administrators have helped thousands uncover theirs.":1,"#Breakthroughs, Discoveries, and the Stories That Stay With Us":1,"#Both Group Administrators credit those early days with something special: accessibility. Roberta recalls that Bennett himself would answer Group Administrator questions. Jim agrees: “It was unexpectedly GREAT. I could email or call and get an almost immediate response from Bennett or Max. We were learning from each other.”":1,"#Jim Bartlett speaks with Roberta Estes at the Genographic Project Conference in the mid-2000s, a moment from their early collaboration in the genetic genealogy field.":1,"#For Jim Bartlett, his path started in 2002 as part of a grassroots effort to trace the Bartlett surname. He organized teams online and built trees to see how researchers were connected. DNA testing provided the missing link. “We wound up with 23 very distinct and different groups,” Jim recalls. “They aligned almost exactly with our Teams.” That alignment validated their research and sparked new directions they never could’ve pursued without genetic evidence.":1,"#In 2016, Roberta Estes honored Bennett Greenspan and Max Blankfeld with DNA double helix quilts at the 12th International Conference on Genetic Genealogy.":1,"#In 2000, Roberta Estes made a call she wasn’t sure would lead anywhere. She had heard about a company selling Y-DNA tests and left a message out of curiosity. That evening, she received a call back, not from a sales rep, but from Bennett Greenspan, President of FamilyTreeDNA. They talked for over an hour. By the end of the conversation, Roberta had agreed to start the Estes DNA Group Project and ordered five kits for her male cousins. That one call launched a journey that would span decades.":1,"#Every journey has a beginning. For our earliest Group Project Administrators, that moment came when genetic genealogy was still in its infancy and so was FamilyTreeDNA.":1,"#The Early Days of Genetic Genealogy at FamilyTreeDNA":1,"#These dedicated volunteers have played a vital role in advancing the field of genetic genealogy. They have built surname projects, guided research, and connected families across generations and continents. In honor of this milestone, several of our earliest Group Administrators, who have been with us since the beginning, shared their reflections, stories, and insights. Their passion and perseverance continue to shape our legacy and inspire the next generation of family historians.":1,"#The 2023 International Conference on Genetic Genealogy showcased the growth and strength of the Group Project Administrator community.":1,"#As FamilyTreeDNA celebrates 25 years of innovation and discovery, we’re reflecting on the people who helped lay the foundation of our community: our Group Project Administrators.":1,"#To celebrate our 25th anniversary, we asked two of our earliest Group Project Administrators to share their stories.":1,"#|In Group Projects":1,"#3 pasos":1,"#Mostrar":1,"#Ancestro más antiguo conocido:":1,"#nombre de marcador:":1,"#Su":1,"#Grotta Paglicci, Rignano Garganico, Foggia":1,"#We just sent a verification code to your email am***ez@yahoo.es. Please enter the 6-digit verification code.":1,"#Goyet":1,"#Streletskian":1,"#Sunghir, Klyazma River":1,"#Gerona 3":1,"#Fournol 6":1,"#Kostenki 12":1,"#Razdum'ye-1, Kamenskiy District, Altai Krai":1,"#Hohle Fels, Swabian Jura, Baden-Württemberg":1,"#Ust'-Ishim District, Omsk Oblast":1,"#Peschanitsa, Arkhangelsk":1,"#toggle E-PF2252":1,"#toggle E-FTJ45213":1,"#toggle E-FTF81589":1,"#toggle E-Y421834":1,"#Mabu SM 26-2":1,"#Gua Cha 911":1,"#arnaldo coelho":1,"#Mr. Luigi Timo":1,"#Fabricio Serrano Peres de Almeida":1,"#Lourdes Medina":1,"#Ma. de los Ángeles's updates":1,"#Ana Ayala b. 1663, d. 18 Jul 1715":1,"#Karatá Nicaragua, Kuna- Panama":1,"#Guillermina Matos":1,"#Vivian Ethel Gabb, Belize (British Honduras)":1,"#Cristina Hernandez,b1849 and 1959":1},"version":354005}]